Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1968

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Hormone contraception: blood coagulation studies.

AUTHORS

Samuels AJ

SOURCE

In: Hoffman, F., ed. Advanced concepts in contraception. (Proceedings of four

symposia, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, New York, Boston.) New York, Excerpta

Medica Foundation1968. p.8-11

ABSTRACT

This study attempted to discover evidence of the relationship that may exist between the development of phlebitis

and pulmonary emboli with the taking of oral contraceptive agents. A detailed study was made of a patient who

experienced anaphylactic shock following the intravenous administration of iron. As anaphylaxis is known to be

accompanied by profound activation of thromboplastin and development of a widely disseminated hypercoagulable

state such a case seemed to be an opportunity to study these conditions. Since glass tubes were found not to be as

accurate in determining clotting time as plastic, plastic tubes and the Lee-White method were used. A shortening

of clotting time was demonstrated 15 minutes after the onset of the reaction. Clot lysis was greatly activated. Both

clotting time and clot lysis had returned to normal 45 minutes after the reaction began. Plasma recalcification time

and partial thromboplastin were also greatly reduced but returned to normal when the patient had recovered from the

anaphylactic shock. To study the effect of steroid hormones the following functions should be evaluated: 1) the

hemostatic capacity of blood vessels, 2) the number and function of blood platelets, 3) the function of each

compartment involved in blood coagulation at each stage, 4) the degree of activity of blood coagulation inhibitors,

and 5) the activity of clot lysins. The total appraisal must be made at frequent and short intervals in order to detect

the very evanescent alterations. Another patient who had a longer than normal clotting time before taking oral

contraceptives was found while under such treatment to have an alarming progressive shortening of the clotting time

and a similar trend in plasma recalcification time and in the partial thromboplastin time. Other laboratory tests of

hemostatic or blood coagulation mechanisms were normal. After stopping the contraceptives, tests returned to

normal. Afterward it was found that the patient was in a constant emotional state and especially when she came to

the laboratory. She was suffering from pyelonephritis of a year's duration and gave a history of jaundice 17 years

previously. A septic abortion with severe hemorrhage had recently taken place. Several blood transfusions had been

given with severe reaction after one of them. Prolonged clotting time, the presence of coagulating inhibitors and

active fibrinolysis were shown. Extensive dental caries and gingival infection were present. Hyperadrenalism at the

time of visiting the laboratory was believed to be present due to maritial troubles attending the visits. After this

patient started oral contraceptives again, clotting time decreased, blood viscosity increased, thrombophlebitis and

thromboses occurred at the sites of venipunctures. When the contraceptives were stopped coagulation returned to

the pretreatment state. It is believed continuation of oral contraceptives might have precipitated a clinical

catastrophy. More attention should be directed to those factors which may contribute to an untoward effect of an

otherwise safe agent such as the presence of infection and local or generalized vascular disease. Profound

emotional stress may cause bizarre biological changes including alteration in blood coagulation and especially

thrombotic states. Prompt conduct of the proper studies when thromboembolic complications occur with oral

contraceptives may throw more light on this subject. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT9T 1080-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Hormone contraception: blood coagulation studies.",

is(are) Samuels AJ. The source of this article is "In: Hoffman, F., ed. Advanced concepts in contraception.

(Proceedings of four symposia, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, New York, Boston.) New York, Excerpta Medica

Foundation1968. p.8-11". This article was published in 1968 in English language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID:

CONT9T 1080-06. All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 41080

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