Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

[PubHealth.info Homepage] [Category Homepage] [Disclaimer/Copyrights] [Feedback]

Thank you for your kind visit to PubHealth.info®, an information portal created in technical collaboration with PakMed Biomedical Solutions * * * PubHealth.info® presents hundreds of thousands of informative Web pages on a variety of public health issues / issues * * * An ultimate source of information for teachers, students and research workers who need to find information on various public health issues, like population planning, contraception, HIV AIDS, STDs, maternal and child health, communicable and non-communicable disease, etc. * * * PubHealth.info® regularly updates the repository of these hundreds of thousands of informative Web pages * * * PubHealth.info® is one of the world's largest repositories and information portals with online Web pages on public health issues particularly those pertaining to developing countries!

PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1973

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Family planning: differential performance of states.

AUTHORS

Misra BD

SOURCE

Economic and Political Weekly. 1973 Sep 29;8(39):1769-79.

ABSTRACT

The Indian Family Planning Program is critically examined, and the performance of the individual states is assessed

to determine if family planning performance is related to the states' socioeconomic development. Despite the fact

that the Indian Family Planning Program has been operative for some time, it has had little visible impact on the

birthrate of the country. Yet, it should not be concluded that the entire program has failed. The birthrate and the total

population of India might have been much greater if not for the family planning program. The major obstacles to the

program's success can be grouped under 4 broad categories: the value system of the people that limits the

motivation to adopt family planning; the social and demographic characteristics that adversely affect the adoption of

the family planning program; the administrative defects and bureaucratic problems that involve a lack of commitment

on the part of family planning staff, resulting in lack of coordination, supervision, and follow-up activities; and a lack

of suitable contraceptive technology for Indian conditions. In the 1st 5-year plan, emphasis was placed on the

rhythm method, an unreliable birth control method. Emphasis shifted to foam tablets and vasectomy in the 2nd 5-

year plan and during the 3rd 5-year plan to the IUD. The family planning program gathered momentum and was given

serious emphasis from 1965. Major administrative changes have been made in the program. It is estimated that by

March 1972 approximately 10 million births were prevented. The program's objective of bringing about a reduction in

family size and thereby reducing fertility will require a great change in the behavior pattern of over 100 million

couples. There are large variations in the family planning performance of the different states. Expenditure on family

planning per 1000 eligible couples varies from Rs 574 for Kerala to Rs 108 for Bihar. The per capita income of

Punjab in 1964-65 was Rs 575, compared to Rs 229 for Bihar. There are also variations in the death rate in the

states: from 9/1000 for Kerala to 22.2/1000 for Rajasthan. In the states with a high family planning performance all

have a higher proportion of population living at the higher levels of development, except in Orissa. The state of

Orissa has the lowest per capita income, the lowest urbanization of category 1 states, and the lowest proportion of

population living in districts with higher levels of development, yet its family planning performance has been relatively

good. Expenditure on family planning in Orissa is high, but there seems to be other factors at work which tend to

increase the family planning acceptance rate. Possibly a better family planning organization and delivery system

exists in Orissa, but it calls for a careful study to substantiate this speculation. The good performance states are

also more urban and have higher literacy rates and higher per capita incomes. The vital rates do not differ between

the good and medium performance states, but they differ significantly from the poor performance states.

(PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT8T 82-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Family planning: differential performance of states.", is(are)

Misra BD. The source of this article is "Economic and Political Weekly. 1973 Sep 29;8(39):1769-79.". This article

was published in 1973 in English language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT8T 82-06. All rights reserved

with PubHealth.info) PIN: 35082

This page is optimized to be viewed by Java script enabled Microsoft® Internet Explorer 6 or later version, at screen resolution of 800 by 600 pixels.