Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1975

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Oral contraceptives: a review of the literature.

AUTHORS

Swenson I

SOURCE

Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 20(1): 7-14. Spring 1975.

ABSTRACT

After exploring the possible mechanism of action of oral contraceptives through an estrogen progestin combination,

as well as by means of the sequential method, the pathophysiologic and side effects of the pill, as it appears in the

literature, is explored in depth. Thromboembolitic disease is the only condition in which there is a definite

association with the use of oral contraceptive pill, and there is some doubt as to how strong the association really is.

Some studies suggest that mortality from thromboembolic disorders which can be attributed to the pill is about

3/100,000 per year. Studies have also shown that mortality trends from thromboembolitic disease among women of

childbearing ages were parallel to the increased use of oral contraceptives among this group of women, however the

data may be weak. Data from various sources indicate that the estrogenic component of the pill are primarily

responsible for the thrombogenic effect, with estrogen increasing platelet adhesiveness and enhancing

coagulability. Progestogens, on the other hand, enhance fibroinolysis and do not alter platelet function or

coagulation. Other side effects of the pill such as naseau, headaches, and weight gain are usually not of any

serious consequence. According to 1 study, amenorrhea after cessation of the pill has occurred in very small

numbers, but 98% of the women are ovulatory within 3 months after cessation of the pill. The oral contraceptive pill

may actually have beneficial effects on genital and endometrial cancer due to the pill's progesterone content.

Estrogens have shown both a positive and negative influence on cancer of the uterus and breast, depending on the

menopausal status of the women. It is generally agreed that the best dosage of hormones in the pill is the lowest

possible varying with the size and body weight of the woman, among other factors. Some studies have shown that in

Puerto Rico, IUD users have a higher continuation rate than characteristics than the pill users, thereby making the 2

groups incomparable. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT7T 3004-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Oral contraceptives: a review of the literature.", is(are)

Swenson I. The source of this article is "Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 20(1): 7-14. Spring 1975.". This article was

published in 1975 in English language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT7T 3004-06. All rights reserved with

PubHealth.info) PIN: 33004

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