Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1983

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Oral contraceptives containing estrogen plus progestogen.

AUTHORS

Briggs M; Briggs M

SOURCE

In: Benagiano G, Diczfalusy E, ed. Endocrine mechanisms in fertility regulation.

New York, Raven, 1983. :17-48. Comprehensive Endocrinology

ABSTRACT

Medicated IUDs permit a reduction in the size of the devices in comparison to their inert counterparts and prevent of

lessen side effects such as bleeding and pain, yet there is no decrease in contraceptive efficacy or increase in the

expulsion rate. The use of these IUDs requires careful monitoring of metabolic and endocrine values. The

progesterone effect of medicated IUDs appears to be localized in the uterus, and the exogenous hormone does not

affect hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian relationships. Use of progesterone-T devices has not altered

radioimmunoassay values for plasma estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating

hormone (FSH), urinary total estrogens, or pregnanediol. The majority of cycles are ovulatory in women using

norgestrel and norethisterone IUDs as well as copper devices. It has been theorized that the IUD exerts its

mechanism of action at the tubal levels and may exert a hormone like influence. The rate of ovum transfer appears to

be accelerated in the presence of an IUD in conjunction with superovulation. The effects of IUDs, especially copper

devices, on tubal motility and ovum transport are similar to the effects of systemic progesterone and progestogens,

with a significant increase in frequency and decrease in intensity of isometric contractions. In terms of endometrial

effects, copper IUDs have been noted to interfere with progesterone binding to uterine epithelium. The cervical

mucus of women with copper IUDs contains an increased quantity of copper during all cycle phases. Progestogen-

releasing devices act on cervical secretory cells so that mucus becomes scanty, viscous, and difficult for sperm to

penetrate. With use of a copper device, endometrial progesterone decreases slightly during the proliferative phase

and estradiol increases during the secretory phase. It is concluded from the review of the literature that the systemic

effects resulting from use of medicated IUDs are few and minor, although these devices produce numerous specific

metabolic changes. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT5T 2074-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Oral contraceptives containing estrogen plus

progestogen.", is(are) Briggs M; Briggs M. The source of this article is "In: Benagiano G, Diczfalusy E, ed.

Endocrine mechanisms in fertility regulation. New York, Raven, 1983. :17-48. Comprehensive Endocrinology". This

article was published in 1983 in English language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT5T 2074-06. All rights

reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 22074

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