Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1983

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Oral contraception. [La contraception orale.]

AUTHORS

Maheux R

SOURCE

Canadian Family Physician. 1983 Apr;29:777-83.

ABSTRACT

3 types of oral contraceptives (OCs) are currently in use: fixed dose combined pills, the most widely used; variable

dose combined; and progestin only pills. 2 types of estrogen, mestranol and ethinyl estradiol, and synthetic

progestins derived from 19-nortestosterone, are the usual components. Biphasic and triphasic pills allow the doses

of progestin and estrogen to be lowered, apparently resulting in less effect on plasma insulin levels and high density

lipoprotein cholesterol. Progestin only pills are useful for women in whom estrogen use is contraindicated, but they

are not as effective as combined preparations, their use sometimes results in unpredictable bleeding; and harmful

metabolic effects may accompany their use. Combined OCs prevent pregnancy through several mechanisms, mainly

by inhibition of cyclical secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Confirmed and suspected

side effects of OC use on the reproductive system include a heightened incidence of candida infections of the

vagina; apparent increased risk of cervical cancer; endometrial atrophy leading to staining or amenorrhea; reduced

risk of endometrial cancer; decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy and salpingitis; reduced incidence of benign breast

disease; and postpill amenorrhea among patients having menstrual irregularities prior to pill use. Despite

speculation, it has not been demonstrated that pill use causes prolactinemia. The thromboembolic effect of OCs is

by now well known. Thromboemboli of venous origin are attributable mainly to the estrogen component, while both

components are implicated in arterial thrombosis. The estrogen dose is directly related to the incidence of

thrombosis. OCs increase the risks of cerebrovascular accidents and myocardial infarct, probably because of the

modifications they cause in the lipoprotein transport of cholesterol. They are associated with the development of

hypertension and of hepatic adenomas. Clinical advice is provided for OC prescription for adolescents, postpartum

initiation of OC use, forgetting of pills, and pregnancy occurring during use. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT5T

2066-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Oral contraception. [La contraception orale.]", is(are)

Maheux R. The source of this article is "Canadian Family Physician. 1983 Apr;29:777-83.". This article was

published in 1983 in French language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT5T 2066-06. All rights reserved with

PubHealth.info) PIN: 22066

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