Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1983

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Norethisterone enanthate injectable contraceptive.

AUTHORS

Toppozada HK

SOURCE

In: Goldsmith A, Toppozada M, ed. Long-acting contraception. Chicago, Illinois,

Northwestern University, Program for Applied Research in Fertility Regulation

[PARFR], 1983. :104-8.

ABSTRACT

Norethisterone enanthate (NET/EN) is now registered or is being registered in 70 developed and developing

countries as a long acting contraceptive steroid. It is given in oily solution and has to be hydrolized after injection to

the biologically active NET. NET/EN acts on the hypothalamus and depresses the midcycle pulsatile luteinizing

hormone surge, while the tonic release is not affected, as the pituitary remains responsive to exogenous luteinizing

hormone-releasing hormone up to 8 weeks. NET/EN may also have a peripheral action on the ovaries, because

when it is injected premenstrually it inhibits progesterone secretion and leads to withdrawal bleeding. NET/EN is

given either by: 1) monthly injections containing NET/EN with an estrogen, 2) in 2 monthly injections of 200 mg, 3) in

2 monthly injections of 200 mg for 6 months and then every 84 days, or 4) 3 monthly injections of 200 mg every 84

days. The 1st injection is always given within the 1st 5 days of the menstrual cycle. 164 women were treated by

methods 2, 3, and 4 above. The most effective method was the 2 monthly injections of 200 mg for 6 months and

then every 84 days. 2 pregnancies occurred in groups using method 4 during 1 year, and none in the other groups.

Some side effects are: 1) menstrual disturbances such as bleeding and spotting, and amenorrhea at times, lasting

over 90 days; 2) weight changes such as those found in this series where 63% gained weight, 17.4% had no change,

and 19.5% lost weight; 3) possible damage to unborn fetus; 4) harm to diabetic or pre-diabetic women; 5) harmful

effects on liver function did not occur in this study, and 6) no risk of the development of breast or genital tract

neoplasia in this group. In 1 study 93.38% of the cases became pregnant by the end of the year in which the

injections were stopped. Reasons for acceptability of NET/EN in this study were: 1) 40.6% said it was easy to use

and effective, 2) 16.3% said there were few side effects, and 3) 12.3% said that it regulated menstruation well. The

authors followed up on the 164 cases for 1.87 years and found that total discontinuation rate was 26.8% (8.5% due to

bleeding and 12.9% to amenorrhea). (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT5T 2041-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Norethisterone enanthate injectable contraceptive.", is(are)

Toppozada HK. The source of this article is "In: Goldsmith A, Toppozada M, ed. Long-acting contraception.

Chicago, Illinois, Northwestern University, Program for Applied Research in Fertility Regulation [PARFR], 1983. :104-

8.". This article was published in 1983 in English language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT5T 2041-06. All

rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 22041

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