Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1983

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

New approaches to male fertility regulation: LHRH analogs, steroidal

contraception, and inhibin.

AUTHORS

Bajaj JS; Madan R

SOURCE

In: Benagiano G, Diczfalusy E, ed. Endocrine mechanisms in fertility regulation.

New York, Raven, 1983. :203-31. Comprehensive Endocrinology

ABSTRACT

The 3 vulnerable points for attacking the problem of male fertility regulation include inhibition of spermatogenesis

(seminiferous tubules), interference with sperm maturation (epididymis), and blockage of sperm transport (vas

deferens). The primary approach for male contraception thus far revolves around the suppression of gonadotropins

and/or interference with their action. A table provides a working classification of compounds with likely potential of

therapeutic application. The following are discussed: luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs

(analogs of LHRH, structure activity relationship, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, LHRH analogs in male

fertility regulation, toxicological studies, and clinical studies); steroidal agents (androgens -- clinical studies,

reversibility, side effects; estrogens; progestins; progestin-androgen combination; testosterone-danazol combination;

and antiandrogens); and inhibin (nature and sources, extraction and purification methods, assay methods, and male

contraception). On theoretical grounds, both agonists and the antagonist of LHRH could be of use in male fertility

regulation. The antagonist would act at the level of the anterior pituitary, thereby interfering with the synthesis and

release of both LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH. Although the prime aim of such an approach is to interfere

with spermatogenesis by inhibiting the synthesis and release of FSH, it is obvious that a reduction in the level of LH

would lower the level of circulating testosterone, with the likely reduction in libido and interference with secondary

sex characteristics. Considerable work needs to be done before a suitable regimen using LHRH agonists can be

developed into a practical method for male fertility regulation. This wll entail the identification of a potent analog of

LHRH, establishing an appropriate dose regimen as well as an acceptable route of administration, and deciding if

concomitant administration of testosterone is essential for the maintenance of libido and for counteracting other

biological effects that may result from inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis. There are 2 pertinent aspects which

may determine the future role of androgens, if any, for male contraception: it seems clear that testosterone enanthate

will have to be administered at weekly intervals to produce significant suppression of spermatogeneisis, making it a

highly impracical approach; and the likely therapeutic efficacy of such an approach. In all studies conducted to date

only about 1/2 of the treated male subjects develop azoospermia. The major problem with estrogens is their

production of undesirable side effects, including decreased libido, impotence, and severe gynecomastia. Serious

reservations regarding the development of inhibin for male contraception are outlined. (PubHealth.info Document ID:

CONT5T 2030-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "New approaches to male fertility regulation: LHRH analogs,

steroidal contraception, and inhibin.", is(are) Bajaj JS; Madan R. The source of this article is "In: Benagiano G,

Diczfalusy E, ed. Endocrine mechanisms in fertility regulation. New York, Raven, 1983. :203-31. Comprehensive

Endocrinology". This article was published in 1983 in English language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT5T

2030-06. All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 22030

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