Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1983

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Natural methods of contraception.

AUTHORS

Chaudhuri SK

SOURCE

In: Chaudhuri SK. Practice of fertility control: a comprehensive textbook.

Calcutta, India, Current Book Publishers, 1983. :29-40.

ABSTRACT

This chapter discusses the natural methods of contraception, i.e., those methods which do not use any appliance or

medicine: withdrawal; rhythm; prolonged lactation; and the minor methods of natural contraception. Withdrawal or

coitus interruptus means the discharge of semen outside the female genitalia at the end of intercourse. One of the

oldest methods of birth control, coitus interruptus is not barred by the Roman Catholic Church and is widely practiced

by Catholics throughout the world. Although the use of the withdrawal method is declining and people are favoring

modern methods in most of the developed countries, it is still widely used in some European countries. Couples

using withdrawal should be advised to use a 2nd method of contraception particularly during the most fertile period of

the menstrual cycle. The withdrawal method needs motivation and self control in the male partner. Failure rate per

100 women years varies from 10-38 and is found to be 20 for the withdrawal method as against 11 for condoms and

14 for diaphragms. The failure is mostly because of lack of self control in the male partner. Premature ejaculation is

the only contraindication. The advantages of the withdrawal method are that it involves no expense, needs no

medical supervision, requires no prior preparation, and causes no definite harm. The rhythm method or safe period

means restricting coitus to the infertile period of the menstrual cycle. The rhythm method of contraception is based

on detecting ovulation time. This is done by following 1 or more of the following techniques, each of which is

reviewed: calendar technique; thermal change technique; and cervical discharge detection technique. Failure

rate/100 women years varies widely from 2.4-38. Drawbacks are the following: high motivation is needed; training in

the technique of detecting the "safe period" is essential; and there are certain bad effects of late sterilization. The

contraceptive effect of prolonged lactation is a physiological phenomenon, but its efficacy as a means of birth

control varies widely between communities and may differ between individuals within the same community. The

failure rate is difficult to estimate. Half the women in developing countries may become pregnant while still

lactating; only 15% conceive before the 1st postpartum menstruation. Too prolonged lactation may result in

superinvolution of the uterus and persistent hyperprolactinemia which may lead to prolonged amenorrhea and

oligomenorrhea which are at times difficult to cure. The following minor methods are to be discouraged as they are

neither practical, desirable, nor effective: vaginal douching; abstinence; and abnormal sex acts. (PubHealth.info

Document ID: CONT5T 2021-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Natural methods of contraception.", is(are) Chaudhuri SK.

The source of this article is "In: Chaudhuri SK. Practice of fertility control: a comprehensive textbook. Calcutta, India,

Current Book Publishers, 1983. :29-40.". This article was published in 1983 in English language(s).

(PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT5T 2021-06. All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 22021

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