Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1983

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

More about natural family planning.

AUTHORS

Gallagher J

SOURCE

Australian Family Physician. 1983 Nov;12(11):786-92.

ABSTRACT

This discussion of natural family planning (NFP) reviews the basis of natural planning and discusses recognizing

ovluation, determining the fertile phase, achieving pregnancy, the Billings method and symptothermal methods, the

last early "safe" day, cervical palpation, application of natural methods, premenopause, the post contraceptive pill,

effectiveness, continuity, and achieving autonomy. NFP for contraception appeals to those with a strong

commitment to the ideals of marriage, who regard sexual intercourse as 1 of many ways to express love, and who

have esthetic, health, or moral objections to other methods or found them unsuitable. NFP requires abstinence from

sexual intercourse and genital contact during ovulation and on days before it when conditions at the cervix provide for

sperm support and migration. The art of NFP lies in the ability to recognize the beginning and end of this fertile

phase. 2 signs associated with ovulation have practical value in delineating the fertility phase. 2 signs associated

with ovulation have practical value in delineating the fertile phase of the cycle: mucus detectable at the vulva which

serves as a predictor of ovulation; and the sustained rise in basal body temperature after ovulation, serving as an

indicator of the occurrence of ovulation. The onset of cervical mucus is detectable at the vulva by most women 4-7

days ahead of ovulation. The Billings and symptothermal methods require women to observe and record the

subjective and objective features typical of estrogenic and progestogenic mucus appearing at the vulva. Using the

Billings method the woman observes the conditions and observed by touch or on folded toilet paper when wiping the

area before and after urinating. Rules of the method include abstinence while the woman becomes familiar with her

mucus symptom, abstinence during menses, and restriction of intercourse to alternate nights in the preovulatory

phase. The symptothermal method employs at least 2 of the major indicators of ovulation and fertility, using the

mucus symptom and temperature shift to demarcate the fertile phase of the cycle. Breastfeeding does not guarantee

infertility but usually provides an extended period of amenorrhea, especially when the only source of the baby's

nourishment is breast milk. Results of the effectiveness phase of the World Health Organization 5 nation study of the

Billings ovulation method, published in 1981, included an overall pregnancy rate of 22.6/100 woman years. The

method related pregnancy rate was 2.8%; user related rate was 19.3%; and 0.5% were in the uncertain category. The

overall pregnancy rate was 7.47 with the symptothermal method. The method related pregnancy rate was 0.93% and

user rate was 6.54%. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT5T 2001-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "More about natural family planning.", is(are) Gallagher J.

The source of this article is "Australian Family Physician. 1983 Nov;12(11):786-92.". This article was published in

1983 in English language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT5T 2001-06. All rights reserved with

PubHealth.info) PIN: 22001

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