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PubHealth.info®
(a subsidiary of
PakMed) presents scientific information mainly
based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics,
particularly encompassing
population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health,
and communicable and
non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are
affecting a significant portion of population in developing and
developed
countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health
topics under category "Contraception
(Birth Control) and Family Planning".
Contraception (birth control)
is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in
order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman
becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the
utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices,
practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception
or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed
birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family
planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical
issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less
controversial than abortion specifically. |
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| CATEGORY: |
Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning |
| Family planning. Objectives, measures, regulations, structures. |
| [Planification familiale: objectifs, moyens, reglementation, structures.] |
| REVUE DU PRATICIEN. 1991 Jun 11;41(17):1615-7. |
| 5 major criteria are used to evaluate family planning methods: efficacy, both theoretical and practical; acceptability |
| as measured by continuation of use; safety; reversibility; and cost, including the cost of treatment, follow-up, and |
| screening for contraindications. Traditional family planning methods are mostly based on periodic abstinence |
| during the presumed fertile period. The calendar, temperature, Billings or cervical mucus, and symptothermal |
| methods are based on observation of different symptoms of ovulation and fertility. Their advantages are that they do |
| not require intervention by health personnel, their costs of use are nil, and they are morally acceptable to some |
| couples. Their efficacy is lower than that of other methods and they should be viewed as methods to space rather |
| than limit births. The withdrawal method, also less effective, requires active cooperation by the male partner. |
| Among mechanical methods, the use of condoms has increased recently because of the protection they offer |
| against HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Their efficacy depends on correct use, regular use, |
| and the quality of the condom. The Pearl index varies from 93099 per 100 woman-years. The diaphragm must be |
| individually measured and should be used with spermicides. The Pearl index ranges from 85095 per 100 woman- |
| years. Spermicides, generally either nonoxynol-9 or benzalkonium chloride, are surfactants that have a Pearl index of |
| 83-97 per 100 woman-years. They are available as creams, jellies, foams, suppositories, tablets, or impregnated |
| sponges. Most failures appear due to errors of utilization. The mechanism of action of the IUD is imperfectly |
| understood, but it is known to prevent nidation of the fertilized egg. Copper devised have higher rates of efficacy and |
| tolerance. Pearl indices range from 95-99.5. Contraindications include genital infection, uterine anomalies, valvular |
| cardiopathy, and coagulation problems. The IUD is relatively contraindicated if there is history of ectopic pregnancy |
| or upper genital tract infections. The combined oral contraceptive is the most widely utilized method in France. The |
| Pearl index is nearly 100 in the absence of forgetting, vomiting, or drug interactions. The contraindications are |
| basically those of estrogens: history of thrombosis, prolonged bedrest, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hepatic |
| disorders, hormonodependent cancers, or smoking after age 35. Progestin-only methods are available in 3 forms: |
| low-dose pills which must be taken at the same time each day, higher-dosed progestins taken for 20 days each |
| month, and injectable progestins providing contraception for 8-12 weeks. Postcoital contraception using OCs or |
| IUDs is possible but not well known among women or physicians. The Neuwirth law authorizing use of contraception |
| in France was passed in 1967. Amendments in 1974 improved access and provided for reimbursement for some |
| methods, but some newer forms are not reimbursed. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT3T 2502-06) |
| PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Family planning. Objectives, measures, regulations, |
| structures. [Planification familiale: objectifs, moyens, reglementation, structures.]", is(are) Meyer L. The source of |
| this article is "REVUE DU PRATICIEN. 1991 Jun 11;41(17):1615-7.". This article was published in 1991 in French |
| language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT3T 2502-06. All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 12502 |
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