Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1993

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Exchange rates and the costs of family planning. The authors reply [letter]

AUTHORS

Janowitz B; Bratt JH

SOURCE

International Family Planning Perspectives. 1993 Jun;19(2):72, 74.

ABSTRACT

In a reply to Warren Robinson's criticism of Barbara Janowitz and John H. Bratt's "Costs of Family Planning Services:

A critique of the Literature" the authors state that Robinson is correct in thinking that comparing costs of providing

contraceptives through different delivery systems would improve by having a price deflator specific to family planning

(FP). However, they do not think constructing an index of the underlying real costs per unit of input is going to

account for many of the factors that cause variations. The same type of delivery system may have different costs

because different contraceptive services are provided in one country than in another. Women receiving hormonal

methods in some Sub-Saharan African countries must undergo lab tests before hormonal contraceptives are

provided. Community-based distribution programs in some Sub-Saharan African countries require women to visit a

clinic before they can obtain oral contraceptives. In both cases, the new user will receive a method, but the unit of

service costs will be higher in the Sub-Saharan African countries than in other countries. No price deflator will make

the costs of these programs equal. While FP programs may have the same name, such as community-based

distribution or clinic-based services, they may be different entities in different countries. An increase in service

provision and in costs may produce a higher quality output or an augmented couple-year of protection. Service

delivery points located in areas of high demand may have lower per unit costs, because costs are spread over a

larger output than similar service delivery outlets located in areas of low demand. Costs of providing an additional

unit of services can be equal, but average costs may vary because of differences in demand. If an input deflator is

used but average costs are compared, then differences in costs may occur because of differences in demand.

Without a standardized unit of service delivery, costs will always need to be disaggregated to determine the reasons

for cost differences. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT3T 25-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Exchange rates and the costs of family planning. The

authors reply [letter]", is(are) Janowitz B; Bratt JH. The source of this article is "International Family Planning

Perspectives. 1993 Jun;19(2):72, 74.". This article was published in 1993 in English language(s). (PubHealth.info®

Document ID: CONT3T 25-06. All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 10025

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