Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1991

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Hypertension through oral contraceptives, estrogens and gestagens.

[Bluthochdruck durch orale Kontrazeptiva, Ostrogene und Gestagene.]

AUTHORS

Girndt J

SOURCE

MEDIZINISCHE WELT. 1991 Nov;42(11):986-90.

ABSTRACT

Thromboembolitic effects of hormonal contraceptive pills have been reported since the 1960's including stroke and

myocardial infarction. Eventually the estrogen component of the pill was reduced from a maximum of 100 mcg to 50

mcg and finally to 30 mcg. Age over 35 and smoking are risk factors. The risk of developing hypertension in oral

contraceptive (OC) users was reported to be 2.6 times higher than in nonusers. OC-induced hypertension by the

estrogen component is possibly triggered by increased angiotensin II formation, increased catecholamine secretion,

decreased catabolism of catecholamine, increased insulin level, elevated aldosterone secretion, and augmented

renal sodium and water retention. The detrimental effects of OCs on the heart and circulation are directly attributed

to the increase of body weight and blood pressure, the deterioration of lipid profile, the lessening of glucose

tolerance and hyperinsulinism, and hypercoagulability. Estrogens induced increased high density lipoprotein (HDL)

and decreased low density lipoprotein (LDL> levels. Thrombocyte aggregation and adhesion also rise under

estrogen-progestagen combination pills causing hypercoagulability. Coagulation factors change, such as

antithrombin III activity decreases and fibrinogens increase in a dose-dependent fashion but even low-dose estrogen

pills show these changes. The list of contraindications of OCs drawn up the German Chamber of Doctors includes

pregnancy, myocardial infarct and stroke in progress, susceptibility to thrombosis and embolism, hypertension,

severe diabetes mellitus, heavy smoking in women aged over 35, mammary of liver tumors, hepatopathy of

cholestasis, and immobilization. Estrogens substitution therapy used for osteoporosis is excepted because of the

low dose. The endangerment of heart and circulation by smoking and OC use calls for cessation of smoking before

prescribing OCs. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT3T 2054-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Hypertension through oral contraceptives, estrogens and

gestagens. [Bluthochdruck durch orale Kontrazeptiva, Ostrogene und Gestagene.]", is(are) Girndt J. The source of

this article is "MEDIZINISCHE WELT. 1991 Nov;42(11):986-90.". This article was published in 1991 in German

language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT3T 2054-06. All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 12054

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