Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

[PubHealth.info Homepage] [Category Homepage] [Disclaimer/Copyrights] [Feedback]

Thank you for your kind visit to PubHealth.info®, an information portal created in technical collaboration with PakMed Biomedical Solutions * * * PubHealth.info® presents hundreds of thousands of informative Web pages on a variety of public health issues / issues * * * An ultimate source of information for teachers, students and research workers who need to find information on various public health issues, like population planning, contraception, HIV AIDS, STDs, maternal and child health, communicable and non-communicable disease, etc. * * * PubHealth.info® regularly updates the repository of these hundreds of thousands of informative Web pages * * * PubHealth.info® is one of the world's largest repositories and information portals with online Web pages on public health issues particularly those pertaining to developing countries!

PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1992

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Non-oral hormonal contraceptives: injectables, implants and vaginal rings.

AUTHORS

Chaudhuri SK

SOURCE

In: Practice of fertility control: a comprehensive textbook. 3rd ed., [edited by] S.K.

Chaudhuri. New Delhi, India, B.I. Churchill Livingstone, 1992. :120-32.

ABSTRACT

Normal hormonal contraceptives reduce noncompliance and systemic side effects of oral contraceptives.

Progestasert, the progesterone releasing IUD, is effective for 1 year. In India and other developing countries, women

prefer injections to oral medications so contraceptive researchers developed injectable hormone contraceptives.

Ironically, India has not yet permitted their use. Injectable progestogens include depo-medroxy-progesterone acetate

(Depo-Provera) and norethindrone enanthate (NET EN). They change the cervical mucus causing it to prevent sperm

migration and the endometrium resulting in inhibition of fertilized ovum implantation. They may also prevent ovum

transport. Side effects may include menstrual changes, weight gain, teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and affect

diabetes and fertility. Injectables are most widely used in Jamaica, Thailand, New Zealand, Mexico, Sri Lanka,

China, Germany, and Trinidad and Tobago. Effectiveness of injectables is high. Continuation rates stand at 50%.

Norplant capsules are implanted subdermally in the upper arm to release levonorgestrel over 5 years. It is available

in 17 countries including the US. Most Norplant users are in Indonesia. It suppresses ovulation and causes change

in cervical mucus and the endometrium. The 5-year pregnancy for Norplant is 0.8%. Side effects are irregular and

prolonged menstrual bleeding (the most common effect), amenorrhea, and headache. It can be used by lactating

mothers. Levonorgestrel-releasing silastic vaginal rings should be available soon. They can be kept in the vagina

for up to 3 months. They prevent pregnancy by suppressing ovulation and by changing the cervical mucus and the

endometrium. Their 1st year pregnancy rate is 3.7%. 50% of users stop using vaginal rings after 1 year. Health

providers should provide thorough and accurate counseling before prescribing any of these nonoral hormonal

contraceptives. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT3T 1591-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Non-oral hormonal contraceptives: injectables, implants

and vaginal rings.", is(are) Chaudhuri SK. The source of this article is "In: Practice of fertility control: a

comprehensive textbook. 3rd ed., [edited by] S.K. Chaudhuri. New Delhi, India, B.I. Churchill Livingstone, 1992. :120-

32.". This article was published in 1992 in English language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT3T 1591-06.

All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 11591

This page is optimized to be viewed by Java script enabled Microsoft® Internet Explorer 6 or later version, at screen resolution of 800 by 600 pixels.