Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1992

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Natural methods of contraception. [Les methodes naturelles de

contraception.]

AUTHORS

Philippe HJ; Jamin O; Martin MT

SOURCE

REVUE DE L INFIRMIERE. 1992 May;42(9):58-60.

ABSTRACT

The use of natural contraceptive methods, which require avoidance of sexual relations during the fertile period,

declined with development of effective modern methods. At present, their practice is most appropriate for women

with vascular, metabolic, or other pathology contraindicating use of modern methods and for couples in which the

male partner is fully involved in contraception. Contraceptive methods should be simple, effective, reversible, and

safe. The 2 principle methods in France are hormonal contraceptives, used by 50% of couples, and IUDs, used by

30%. Hormonal contraceptives, primarily oral contraceptives (OCs), have a Pearl index of .16% and satisfactory

reversibility, but their metabolic and vascular effects make them inappropriate for some women. The Pearl index for

IUDs is 1-2%. IUD users have a higher risk for tubal infertility, and some other possible complications are very

serious. Neither OCs nor IUDs are indicated for young girls, perimenopausal women, or postpartum women. The

main shortcoming of the natural methods is their failure rate, which is probably related to insufficient instruction in

their techniques or to forgetting that they require cooperation of both spouses. The Ogino-Knaus or calendar rhythm

method involves calculating the fertile period taking into account the life expectancy of the gametes. Calculation is

based on the study of the duration of the menstrual cycle in the preceding year. The Pearl index has been estimated

at 1-47%, depending on the regularity of the cycle. The temperature method is based on modifications of body

temperature due to hormonal variations. The fertile period is considered to begin with the 1st day of menstruation

and to last for 3 days following the thermal shift. The Pearl index is 12.2%. Disadvantages of the method are

problems of interpretation related to physical exertion or stress and the need for a long period of abstinence. The

method of palpation of the cervix is based on detecting the cervical modifications caused by hormonal variations.

Estrogens cause softening, opening, and ascension of the cervix, while progesterone causes descent and

hardening. Palpation of the cervix allows identification of the fertile period. No Pearl index has been published. The

main problems are difficulty in nulliparas and the risk of infection. The Billings method is based on modifications of

the cervical mucus during the cycle. The Pearl index is 3%. The principal disadvantages are the difficulty of

interpretation and the time required for learning the method. The symptothermal method combines analysis of the

periovulatory signs with the taking of the body temperature. The Pearl .8%. The main shortcoming is the possibility

of contradictory signs. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT3T 1570-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Natural methods of contraception. [Les methodes

naturelles de contraception.]", is(are) Philippe HJ; Jamin O; Martin MT. The source of this article is "REVUE DE L

INFIRMIERE. 1992 May;42(9):58-60.". This article was published in 1992 in French language(s). (PubHealth.info®

Document ID: CONT3T 1570-06. All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 11570

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