Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1994

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Birth control over 30.

AUTHORS

Asnes M

SOURCE

WORKING WOMAN. 1994 Jul;:68-70, 72, 84.

ABSTRACT

Among 30-40 year old women, 40% of pregnancies are unplanned, which is indicative of the unreliability of the birth

control methods they are using. The 1992 Ortho Birth Control Study interviewed almost 7000 women, of whom 8%

listed withdrawal and 4% listed the rhythm method. These two methods have failure rates of 24% and 19%,

respectively. Birth control methods often disappoint the users and increasingly they turn to sterilization. 48% of

married women aged 15-44 had themselves been sterilized or had a sterilized partner in the Ortho survey. Although

reversal of tubal ligation succeeds in 43-88% of cases, conception cannot be guaranteed. For women over the age

of 30 who are healthy and do not smoke, low-estrogen or no-estrogen oral contraceptive pills are considered safe.

Taking the pill also helps prevent ovarian and endometrial cancer. The failure rate is 6%. Barrier methods also offer

protection from sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. Condoms are favored by 33% of unmarried women and

19% of married women. Sexually active 40-44 year old unmarried women run a 14-19% risk of contracting a sexually

transmitted disease (STD) in a 12-month period. Diaphragms offer some protection against STDs, but their failure

rate is 18%. IUDs are regaining popularity, but only 1% of women use them (ParaGard T380A or Progestasert).

Pelvic inflammatory disease is the reason: a 1992 study showed that 0.97% of women developed it within 20 days of

use. Norplant is a long-term implant containing levonorgestrel with a failure rate of 0.5%. A 1993 study followed

1253 implant users over 12 months and found a very low rate of pregnancy, but 75% experienced some side effects

during the first year. About half of the women using Norplant removed it after 2.5 years because of irregular bleeding.

Depo-Provera is an injectable administered every 3 months, but after removal it can take up to a year for ovulation to

return. Side effects may include hair loss and weight gain; and links to breast cancer have also been suggested.

(PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT2T 3518-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Birth control over 30.", is(are) Asnes M. The source of this

article is "WORKING WOMAN. 1994 Jul;:68-70, 72, 84.". This article was published in 1994 in English language(s).

(PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT2T 3518-06. All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 8518

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