Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1995

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

The effectiveness of barrier methods of contraception in preventing the

spread of HIV.

AUTHORS

Feldblum PJ; Morrison CS; Roddy RE; Cates W Jr

SOURCE

AIDS. 1995;9 Suppl A:S85-93.

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of barrier methods of contraception in preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been assessed in vitro studies and epidemiologic research. Both types of

studies have indicated that consistent use of high-quality latex condoms confers substantial protection against HIV

transmission. Less certain is the capability of nonoxynol-9 to inactivate HIV. Of concern are several studies

indicating that 1-8% of female nonoxynol-9 users experience signs and symptoms of tissue irritation, which can

facilitate HIV transmission. These findings may reflect overenrollment of women with a high incidence of STDs and

above-average (more than one per day) spermicide doses. Meetings sponsored by the World Health Organization and

the US Public Health Service during 1993-94 reached consensus on five ethical and methodological principles to

govern studies investigating whether currently available nonoxynol-9 spermicides reduce the incidence of HIV

infections: 1) a randomly allocated controlled trial in which all participants are given male condoms; 2) allocation of

half the women to an active spermicidal product and the other half to a placebo product; 3) counseling participants to

use both a condom and the vaginal product at every coital act; 4) sufficient study size to measure HIV rate ratios

within frequency strata; and 5) inclusion of colposcopic examinations and regular appraisal of participant safety by a

data and safety monitoring board. Studies of less irritating yet effective spermicidal compounds, the determinants of

consistent use of barrier methods, and the impact of social marketing are also recommended. (PubHealth.info

Document ID: CONT2T 2563-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "The effectiveness of barrier methods of contraception in

preventing the spread of HIV.", is(are) Feldblum PJ; Morrison CS; Roddy RE; Cates W Jr. The source of this article

is "AIDS. 1995;9 Suppl A:S85-93.". This article was published in 1995 in English language(s). (PubHealth.info®

Document ID: CONT2T 2563-06. All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 7563

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