Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 1995

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Contraceptives, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases.

[Anticonceptivos, VIH y otras enfermedades de transmision sexual.]

AUTHORS

Vandale-Toney S; Conde-Gonzalez CJ

SOURCE

GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA DE MEXICO. 1995 Jan;63:40-5.

ABSTRACT

Until recently, some behaviors were viewed as entailing a high risk of HIV infection, but HIV is now considered a

great risk for the female population in general. The number of HIV infected women is increasing rapidly even in

areas such as Mexico and South America where women form a minority of AIDS patients. Most women infected with

HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are sexually active and at risk of pregnancy. Some STDs,

notably those producing genital ulcers, increase the risk of HIV infection. It is not yet known whether STDs not

producing ulcers also increase the risk. There is controversy over the extent to which specific contraceptive methods

increase or perhaps reduce the risk of HIV infection. Some unconfirmed assumptions are that the cervical ectopy

produced by oral contraceptives (OCs) results in affected zones more vulnerable to trauma and thus perhaps to HIV

infection, and that combined OCs by reducing menstrual bleeding also reduce risk of infection. OCs containing only

progestins may increase the risk of transmission by inducing irregular bleeding, thickening the cervical mucus, and

thinning the vaginal epithelium. Injectables may increase risk by increasing bleeding, thinning the vaginal

epithelium, or through use of contaminated needles in application. IUDs may increase menstrual bleeding and are

not advisable in any event for women at high risk of other STDS. Condoms and spermicides offer some protection

against STDs, but are not highly effective contraceptives. The interrelations between risk of pregnancy and of

disease are a great and largely unresolved problem in women's reproductive health. Few family planning services are

able to address prevention of STDs and especially AIDS adequately. Methodological and logistical problems

impede study of the interrelations between contraception and STDs, and resources are limited. Studies of

commercial sex workers in different countries have offered a partial solution. Women's lack of power to negotiate

successfully concerning sexual relations and their lack of access to a means of preventing STDs under their own

control are factors in their vulnerability. Improved reproductive health of women will require development of new

products to control disease, structural changes in health services, and continued research. (PubHealth.info

Document ID: CONT2T 2507-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Contraceptives, HIV, and other sexually transmitted

diseases. [Anticonceptivos, VIH y otras enfermedades de transmision sexual.]", is(are) Vandale-Toney S; Conde-

Gonzalez CJ. The source of this article is "GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA DE MEXICO. 1995 Jan;63:40-5.". This

article was published in 1995 in Spanish language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT2T 2507-06. All rights

reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 7507

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