Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning PubHealthInfo

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PubHealth.info® (a subsidiary of PakMed) presents scientific information mainly based on abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health issues/topics, particularly encompassing population planning, disease prevention, maternal and child health, and communicable and non-communicable diseases (like HIV AIDS, malaria, etc) that are affecting a significant portion of population in developing and developed countries. Here you can find abstracts of articles published on a variety of public health topics under category "Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning". Contraception (birth control) is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant or giving birth. Therefore contraception is the utilization of various and sundry surgical procedures, devices, practices, agents, or drugs with the intention of preventing conception or impregnation (pregnancy). Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning. Birth control is a controversial political and ethical issue in many cultures and religions, and although it is generally less controversial than abortion specifically.

YEAR: 2005

CATEGORY: Contraception (Birth Control) and Family Planning

TITLE

Bioavailability of the Yuzpe and levonorgestrel regimens of emergency

contraception: vaginal vs. oral administration.

AUTHORS

Kives S; Hahn PM; White E; Stanczyk FZ; Reid RL

SOURCE

Contraception. 2005;71:197-201.

ABSTRACT

Separate crossover studies compared the bioavailability or oral vs. vaginal routes of administration for the Yuzpe

(n=5) and levonorgestrel regimens (n=4) of emergency contraception. Twice the standard dose of the Yuzpe regimen

(200 µg of ethinyl estradiol, 1000 µg of levonorgestrel) or the levonorgestrel regimen (1500 µg of levonorgestrel) was

self-administered vaginally. One week later, each subject received orally the standard dose of the assigned

medication. Serial blood samples were collected over 24 h and assayed for levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (for

the Yuzpe regimen only). Paired t tests were used to compared oral vs. vaginal administration for maximum

concentration (C(-max)), time to maximum concentration (T(-max)) and area under the curve over 24 h (AUC(-0-24)).

Relative bioavailability (vaginal/oral) was derived from AUC(-0-24). Vaginal administration of double the standard

dose of the Yuzpe regimen resulted in a lower C(-max) (vaginal=5.4 vs. oral=14.6 ng/mL, p=.038) and a later T(max)

(5.9 vs 2.0 h, p=.066) for levonorgestrel, compared to oral administration. Corresponding ethinyl estradiol

concentrations were higher 786 vs. 391 pg/mL, p=.039) and peaked later 4.0 vs. 1.9 hr, p=.154) with vaginal

administration. Relative bioavailabilities for the levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol were 58% and 175%, respectively.

Similarly, vaginal administration of the levonorgestrel regimen resulted in a lower C(-max) (vaginal=5.4 vs. oral=15.2

ng/mL, p=.006) and a later T(-max) (7.4 vs. 1.3 h, p=.037) for levonorgestrel, compared to oral administration. The

relative bioavailability was 62%. Our preliminary data suggest that vaginal administration of these emergency

contraception regimens appears to require at least three times the standard oral dose to achieve equivalent systemic

levonorgestrel concentrations. (PubHealth.info Document ID: CONT1T 72-06)

PubHealth.info NOTE: The author(s) of this article titled, "Bioavailability of the Yuzpe and levonorgestrel regimens of

emergency contraception: vaginal vs. oral administration.", is(are) Kives S; Hahn PM; White E; Stanczyk FZ; Reid

RL. The source of this article is "Contraception. 2005;71:197-201.". This article was published in 2005 in English

language(s). (PubHealth.info® Document ID: CONT1T 72-06. All rights reserved with PubHealth.info) PIN: 72

This article is peer-reviewed.

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